OWL

OWL, aka One World Language, is a xml format created in 2004.

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The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between the objects. Ontologies resemble class hierarchies in object-oriented programming but there are several critical differences. Read more on Wikipedia...

OWL Wikipedia page
OWL docs
There are at least 199 OWL repos on GitHub
OWL first developed in World Wide Web Consortium
file extensions for OWL include owl
The Google BigQuery Public Dataset GitHub snapshot shows 524 users using OWL in 642 repos on GitHub
OWL on HOPL
GitHub supports syntax highlighting for OWL
See also: (8 related languages)RDF, XML, HTML, AXIOM, Turtle, SQL, Prolog, UML
HTML of this page generated by LanguagePage.ts

Example from Linguist:

<?xml version="1.0"?>


<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
    <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
    <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
]>


<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#"
     xml:base="http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="en"
            >v.1.4. Added Food class (used in domain/range of hasIngredient), Added several hasCountryOfOrigin restrictions on pizzas, Made hasTopping invers functional</owl:versionInfo>
        <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">version 1.5</owl:versionInfo>
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="en"
            >v.1.5. Removed protege.owl import and references. Made ontology URI date-independent</owl:versionInfo>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"
            >An example ontology that contains all constructs required for the various versions of the Pizza Tutorial run by Manchester University (see http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/)</rdfs:comment>
    </owl:Ontology>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    //   OWL Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- Class: http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#American -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="#American">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="pt">Americana</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#hasTopping"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="#TomatoTopping"/>
            </owl:Re

Example from Wikipedia:

<http://example.org/tea.owl> rdf:type owl:Ontology .
 :Tea  rdf:type            owl:Class .

Feature	Supported	Token	Example
Line Comments	X

title	author	year	reviews	ratings	rating
Owl: Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language	Lee W. Lacy	2004	0	9	3.11
OWL : Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language	Lee W. Lacy	2005	0	1	4.00

title	authors	year	publisher
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL	Allemang, Dean and Hendler, James	2011	Morgan Kaufmann
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL	Allemang, Dean and Hendler, James	2008	Morgan Kaufmann
Core Owl 5.0: Owl Internals for Advanced Programmers	Neward, Ted	1997	Manning Pubns Co
Ontologies with Python: Programming OWL 2.0 Ontologies with Python and Owlready2	Jean-Baptiste, Lamy	2020-12-18T00:00:01Z	Apress
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL	Allemang, Dean and Hendler, James	2011	Morgan Kaufmann
Ontologies with Python: Programming OWL 2.0 Ontologies with Python and Owlready2	Jean-Baptiste, Lamy	2020	Apress

Publications about OWL from Semantic Scholar

title	authors	year	citations	influentialCitations
OWL Pizzas: Practical Experience of Teaching OWL-DL: Common Errors & Common Patterns	A. Rector and N. Drummond and M. Horridge and J. Rogers and H. Knublauch and R. Stevens and Hai Wang and C. Wroe	2004	365	26
Can OWL and Logic Programming Live Together Happily Ever After?	B. Motik and I. Horrocks and R. Rosati and U. Sattler	2006	148	11
ELP: Tractable Rules for OWL 2	M. Krötzsch and S. Rudolph and P. Hitzler	2008	129	7
Using OWL ontologies for adaptive patient information modelling and preoperative clinical decision support	Matt-Mouley Bouamrane and A. Rector and M. Hurrell	2011	52	4
Integrating Object-Oriented and Ontological Representations: A Case Study in Java and OWL	Colin Puleston and B. Parsia and James A. Cunningham and A. Rector	2008	46	1
Translating OWL and semantic web rules into prolog: Moving toward description logic programs	Ken Samuel and L. Obrst and S. Stoutenburg and Karen Fox and Paul Franklin and Adrian Johnson and K. Laskey and D. Nichols and Steve Lopez and Jason Peterson	2007	37	1
How to reason with OWL in a logic programming system	M. Krötzsch and P. Hitzler and Denny Vrandečić and Michael Sintek	2006	33	1
Experience of Using OWL Ontologies for Automated Inference of Routine Pre-operative Screening Tests	Matt-Mouley Bouamrane and A. Rector and M. Hurrell	2010	20	1
An Extension to OWL with General Rules	Jing Mei and Shengping Liu and A. Yue and Zuoquan Lin	2004	12	0
Frequent Pattern Discovery from OWL DLP Knowledge Bases	J. Józefowska and Agnieszka Lawrynowicz and T. Lukaszewski	2006	10	0
Zhi# - OWL Aware Compilation	A. Paar and Denny Vrandečić	2011	10	0
The design of OWL a language for walking	Marc D. Donner	1983	8	0
Recent Advances in Integrating OWL and Rules (Technical Communication)	Matthias Knorr and David Carral and P. Hitzler and Adila Alfa Krisnadhi and F. Maier and Cong Wang	2012	6	0
Mooop - A Hybrid Integration of OWL and Java	C. Frenzel and B. Parsia and U. Sattler and B. Bauer	2011	4	1
OntoJIT: Parsing Native OWL DL into Executable Ontologies in an Object Oriented Paradigm	S. Baset and K. Stoffel	2016	3	0
DaRLing: A Datalog rewriter for OWL 2 RL ontological reasoning under SPARQL queries	A. Fiorentino and J. Zangari and M. Manna	2020	2	0
Programming Language Inherent Support for Constrained XML Schema Definition Data Types and OWL DL	A. Paar and W. Tichy	2006	2	0
Scowl: a Scala DSL for programming with the OWL API	J. Balhoff	2016	2	0
OWL that can Choose to Inherit and Hide it Too	S. Hosain and H. Jamil	2009	1	0
Semantic-Web Architecture for Electronic Discharge Summary Based on OWL 2.0 Standard	Shahram Tahmasebian and M. Langarizadeh and M. Ghazisaeidi and R. Safdari	2016	1	0

OWL - Xml format

Language features

Books about OWL on goodreads

Books about OWL from ISBNdb

Publications about OWL from Semantic Scholar