CWEB - Text markup language

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CWEB is a text markup language created in 1987 by Donald Knuth.

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CWEB is a computer programming system created by Donald Knuth and Silvio Levy as a follow-up to Knuth's WEB literate programming system, using the C programming language (and to a lesser extent the C++ and Java programming languages) instead of Pascal. Like WEB, it consists of two primary programs: CTANGLE, which produces compilable C code from the source texts, and CWEAVE, which produces nicely-formatted printable documentation using TeX.. Read more on Wikipedia...

Example from the web:
\datethis @*Intro. This program generates clauses for the transition relation from time $t$ to time $t+1$ in Conway's Game of Life, assuming that all of the potentially live cells at time $t$ belong to a pattern that's specified in |stdin|. The pattern is defined by one or more lines representing rows of cells, where each line has \..' in a cell that's guaranteed to be dead at time~$t$, otherwise it has \.*'. The time is specified separately as a command-line parameter. The Boolean variable for cell $(x,y)$ at time $t$ is named by its so-called xty code,'' namely by the decimal value of~$x$, followed by a code letter for~$t$, followed by the decimal value of~$y$. For example, if $x=10$ and $y=11$ and $t=0$, the variable that indicates liveness of the cell is \.{10a11}; and the corresponding variable for $t=1$ is \.{10b11}. Up to 19 auxiliary variables are used together with each xty code, in order to construct clauses that define the successor state. The names of these variables are obtained by appending one of the following two-character combinations to the xty code: \.{A2}, \.{A3}, \.{A4}, \.{B1}, \.{B2}, \.{B3}, \.{B4}, \.{C1}, \.{C2}, \.{C3}, \.{C4}, \.{D1}, \.{D2}, \.{E1}, \.{E2}, \.{F1}, \.{F2}, \.{G1}, \.{G2}. These variables are derived from the Bailleux--Boufkhad method of encoding cardinality constraints: The auxiliary variable \.{A$k$} stands for the condition at least $k$ of the eight neighbors are alive.'' Similarly, \.{B$k$} stands for at least $k$ of the first four neighbors are alive,'' and \.{C$k$} accounts for the other four neighbors. Codes \.D, \.E, \.F, and~\.G refer to pairs of neighbors. Thus, for instance, \.{10a11C2} means that at least two of the last four neighbors of cell $(10,11)$ are alive. Those auxiliary variables receive values by means of up to 77 clauses per cell. For example, if $u$ and~$v$ are the neighbors of cell~$z$ that correspond to a pairing of type~\.D, there are six clauses \bar u d_1,\quad \bar v d_1,\quad
Example from Wikipedia:
% This file is part of CWEB. % This program by Silvio Levy and Donald E. Knuth % is based on a program by Knuth. % It is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, express or implied. % Version 3.64 --- January 2002 % Copyright (C) 1987,1990,1993,2000 Silvio Levy and Donald E. Knuth % Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this % document provided that the copyright notice and this permission notice % are preserved on all copies. % Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this % document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the % entire resulting derived work is given a different name and distributed % under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
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